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Old 04-03-2011, 07:22 AM   #1
Phaelen Bleux
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Join Date: Apr 2005
Location: Chicago, IL
Default [WWI] Avro 504

Biplane of the Month Club: April

Avro Type 504
The Type 504 was developed in 1913, and ordered by both the Royal Flying Corps as well as the Admiralty. It began the war as a combat aircraft (gaining the dubious distinction of being the first British aircraft to be downed in action), being used mostly in the anti-Zeppelin role. Four Arvo 504s were used very successfully in 1914 against the Zeppelin sheds at Friedrichshafen. The Avro 504 did not remain in combat service for long, however, and was then used for training purposes.
In the training role, the Avro 504 was used extensively. By the middle of the war, Avro found it difficult to procure engines consistently for the 504, and so the airframe was modified to accept any of 12 different powerplants. All of these planes, regardless of engine, became the -K model. This became the main production variant, with 6,350 produced.
After the war, many of these planes passed into civilian use, with over 300 being registered between 1919 and 1930. The Avro 504 continued to be used as a military trainer as well (as the -N version), until it was replaced by the Avro Tutor in 1932. By this time, over 10,000 Avro 504s had been constricted in all versions, including license built variants produced in Japan and Russia.
The plane uses 4.1 gallons of aviation fuel per hour at routine usage. A full load of fuel costs $5.10.

Avro Type 504K
Subassemblies: Recon Fighter chassis +2; Light Fighter wings with Biplane option +2; 2 fixed wheels +0, 1 Skid +0.
Powertrain: 82-kW HP gasoline engine with 82-kW old prop and 25.5-gallon fuel tank [Body] (Fire 14).
Occ.: 2 XCS Body
Cargo: 6 Body

Armor F RL B T U
Body: 1/2C 1/2C 1/2C 1/2C 1/2C
Wings: 1/2C 1/2C 1/2C 1/2C 1/2C
Wheels: 2/3 2/3 2/3 2/3 2/3

Equipment:
Body: Backup driver option.

Statistics:
Size: 29'x36'x10' Payload: 0.30 tons Lwt.: 0.91 tons
Volume: 96 Maint.: 121 hours Cost: $2,745
HT: 7. HPs: 15 Body, 68 each Wing, 2 each Wheel, 2 Skid.
aSpeed: 95 aAccel: 2 aDecel: 53 aMR: 13 aSR: 1
Stall Speed: 32 mph. Take Off Run: 128 yards. Landing Run: 102 yards.
gSpeed: 152 gAccel: 8 gDecel: 10 gMR: 0.5 gSR: 2
Ground Pressure: High. 1/6 Off-Road Speed.

Design Notes:
Historical wing area was 330 sf. The weight, cost and HPs of the wings were halved to lower design weight to 1,742 lbs.; it was then increased 5% to the historical. Design aSpeed as 80 mph. Historical values were used for all calculations when available. A 30-gallon fuel tank was purchased for the design; the historical 25.5-gallon capacity is shown. Using the calculated gSpeed at 1/6 Off-Road speed (25 mph) gSpeed is 78% of stall speed. Since this over 71% of the stall speed, this plane may be able to take-off from a bumpy field, at the GM's option.

Variants:
The Type 504 (1913) originally featured a 60-kW engine. 63 built.
The Type 504A featured some minor modifications of the ailerons and struts. 50 built. The 504B had a slightly modified tail fin and skid.
The Type 504C and -D were single seat versions used for the anti-Zeppelin role; they were armed with a single Aircraft LMG (Lewis) mounted on the upper wing.
The Type 504E featured a 75-kW engine and other minor modifications. 10 built.
The Type 504H was a -C modified for catapult trials.
The Type 504J (1916) featured a 75-kW engine.
The Type 504L and Type 504S were land- and floatplane trainers license-built by Nakajima in Japan. Some 280 of both types were built in the early 1920s. Yokosuka also built the 504K as the K1Y.
In Europe, the Type 504L was built in the post-war years as a three-seat floatplane featuring a 112-kW engine.
The Type 504M was also built for the civilian market after the war, featuring a 2-seat enclosed cabin. Only 1 was built.
The Type 504N (1925) was the post-war training version used by the RAF. It deleted the landing skid and featured a 134-kW engine. 598 were built between 1925 and 1932. It was replaced by the Avro Tutor in 1932 and declared obsolete the following year.
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Old 04-03-2011, 10:23 AM   #2
johndallman
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Join Date: Oct 2010
Location: Cambridge, UK
Default Re: [WWI] Avro 504

Quote:
Originally Posted by Phaelen Bleux View Post
Biplane of the Month Club: April
I like this club!
Quote:
... this plane may be able to take-off from a bumpy field, at the GM's option.
It would be very much in keeping with the aircraft's vintage and image. It is a pre-WWII light aircraft, with all the limitations that implies, but done so well that it was worth using for 20 years.
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