[Space] Exotic star system features, and their storytelling role

[AlexanderHowl]

I do not know. Flaring is still a rather uncertain subject, as the mechanisms are not understood. When it comes to energy release though, a typical solar flare produces more energy than the Earth receives from the Sun, so the scale is actually larger than the scale of a red dwarf flare (the problem is that red dwarfs must be so close to their planets to warm them enough for habitability).

Even if a red dwarf doubles its L during a flare, the increase in temperature is only around 19%. With an atmosphere, the temperature pulse happens slowly enough the lifeforms could seek shelter. It is more of a risk beyond the atmosphere due to the hard x-rays.

[Agemegos]

Originally Posted by AlexanderHowl

I do not know. Flaring is still a rather uncertain subject, as the mechanisms are not understood. When it comes to energy release though, a typical solar flare produces more energy than the Earth receives from the Sun, so the scale is actually larger than the scale of a red dwarf flare (the problem is that red dwarfs must be so close to their planets to warm them enough for habitability).

Even if a red dwarf doubles its L during a flare, the increase in temperature is only around 19%. With an atmosphere, the temperature pulse happens slowly enough the lifeforms could seek shelter. It is more of a risk beyond the atmosphere due to the hard x-rays.

It isn't the increase in temperature that matters. It's the increase in stellar wind that strips the atmosphere away. (The sterilising intensity of ionising radiation sucks too.)